The Process

Buying and selling real estate in Costa Rica, clearly explained — and personally guided from offer to closing.

How It Works

A Different Country, A Clear Path

Real estate transactions in Costa Rica follow a different system than what most international buyers and sellers are used to — property is transferred through a notary-attorney rather than a title company, and due diligence happens through the National Registry rather than title insurance. None of that has to be intimidating. It's a well-established, reliable process once you know the steps — and my role is to walk you through each one, connect you with trusted independent counsel, and keep everything moving on schedule.

For Buyers

The Buying Process

1
Find the right property
We confirm whether a property is titled land or maritime-zone (ZMT) concession from the very start — the two are governed by very different rules. I also verify three things myself before you go further: legal water, an active INVU, and certified survey boundaries. Miss any one of them and you may not be able to build.
2
Offer & purchase agreement
Price and terms are set in a Letter of Intent (LOI). The Sales & Purchase Agreement (SPA), or Contrato de Compraventa, then confirms them and becomes the official contract, covering the deposit, due diligence period and closing timeline. Both documents are written and executed, and the SPA is always drafted by the buyer's attorney, never the seller's.
3
Due diligence
Your independent attorney conducts a full title search at the National Registry, confirms there are no liens or legal "clouds" on the property, verifies boundaries against the registered survey, and checks municipal and zoning status. This typically takes 30–60 days.
4
Escrow
Funds are held by a licensed, independent escrow agent and released only once closing conditions are satisfied — neither party has direct access until then. You can use a Costa Rican or a US-based company, and I usually recommend a US escrow firm with offices in Costa Rica: US regulatory recourse, people on the ground here. Wire fraud is the real risk in a cross-border purchase — once funds land in the wrong account they are rarely recovered — so we confirm wiring instructions by phone, never by email alone.
5
Closing
A notario público — a licensed attorney with special authority to execute property transfers — signs the transfer deed (escritura) with both parties. Transfer tax (1.5% of the registered value) and closing costs are paid at this stage.
6
Registration
The notary files the deed with the National Registry. Registration itself can take up to 45 days to fully process, though ownership is effective from the moment of closing.

For Sellers

The Selling Process

1
Preparing to sell
We start with pricing strategy and gathering title and corporate paperwork in advance — the single biggest thing that keeps a Costa Rica closing on schedule is having documentation ready before a buyer's attorney asks for it.
2
Listing & marketing
Professional presentation and exposure to Coldwell Banker's global network and international buyer channels — positioning your property to the right audience, not just the local market.
3
Offer & negotiation
I negotiate terms on your behalf and manage the Purchase & Sale Agreement, deposit, and timeline.
4
Buyer due diligence
I coordinate directly with the buyer's attorney during their due diligence period to answer questions quickly and keep the transaction on track.
5
Closing
The transfer deed is signed before a notary. Commission is 8% of the sale price, or 6% on properties above $1 million, plus 13% VAT on the commission itself — not on the property value. Closing costs are customarily split between buyer and seller.
6
Capital gains withholding
If you're a non-resident foreign seller, Costa Rican law requires the buyer to withhold 2.5% of the purchase price at closing toward capital gains tax. Your accountant settles the final amount owed — this is a legal requirement of the transaction, not a fee I control. That covers Costa Rica only: any US capital gains liability is a separate matter, determined by your own CPA.

Documentation

The Documents That Matter

Folio Real · Title Record
The National Registry's official record of who legally owns a property and whether any liens or annotations exist against it.
Plano Catastrado
The registered survey map that legally defines a property's exact boundaries — every titled property in Costa Rica has one on file.
Water Letter · Carta de Disponibilidad de Agua
Confirmation from AyA or the local ASADA that potable water can legally be supplied to that specific parcel. It attaches to the land, not to the owner. Without it the municipality will not issue a construction permit — which makes it, on undeveloped land, arguably the most important document on this list. Where no public system reaches the parcel, a registered well or a granted water concession takes its place.
Uso de Suelo · Land Use Certificate
The municipality's ruling on what a parcel may legally be used for — permitted use, minimum lot size, setbacks, maximum height and maximum footprint. Issued by the municipal engineering department, and required before most of the permits that follow it.
Alineamiento Fluvial · INVU
INVU's ruling on how far back you must build from any river or stream crossing the property. Under Forest Law 7575 that is 10–15 meters on flat ground, but 50 meters on each side where the terrain is broken — which on a steep lot with a creek through it can remove a great deal of the buildable area. Worth establishing before you fall for a waterfall.
Letter of Intent · LOI
Where price and terms are actually set. It is written and executed, and everything that follows is built on it.
Sales & Purchase Agreement · SPA
The official contract. It confirms the price and terms agreed in the LOI and sets the deposit, due diligence period and closing timeline. Always drafted by the buyer's attorney.
Escrow Agreement
Governs exactly how and when funds are released, protecting both buyer and seller through closing.
Corporate Documents
Many Costa Rican properties are held through a corporation (S.A. or S.R.L.) rather than an individual's name — if so, corporate good-standing and share-transfer documents become part of the closing.
Personería Jurídica
The National Registry certificate showing who legally represents a corporation and what powers they hold. Where a property sits in an S.A. or S.R.L., this is what proves the person signing actually can. These certificates carry a short validity, so a fresh one is pulled for closing rather than reused.
Concession Documents · where applicable
Only for property that is not ordinary titled land: a ZMT maritime-zone concession, a permiso de uso (a weaker, revocable municipal use permit), or a water concession. None of these sit in the National Registry the way title does, so each is verified separately — and none of them is a deed.
Transfer Deed · Escritura
The notarized deed that legally transfers ownership, executed at closing and then filed with the National Registry.
Going deeper

Three of these — the water letter, legal access, and whether the tenure is real title or a concession — decide whether a piece of land is worth owning at all, and each has far more to it than a glossary line. That is Water, Access and Title. For what the whole thing costs — closing, commission, property and luxury tax, current build costs, the 2026 rental tax and residency — see What It Actually Costs to Own Here.

Living Here

The Questions Nobody Answers

Every site in this market sells sunsets. These are the things buyers actually ask me before they commit — answered straight.

Are there bilingual schools near Dominical and Uvita?

Three bilingual private schools serve the Dominical–Uvita area. Ballena Academy in Playa Hermosa runs preschool through grade 12. Uvita Christian Academy is PreK–12 and awards a US-accredited diploma. Escuela Verde is dual-immersion and accredited by Costa Rica's Ministry of Education. Families don't have to leave the coast for high school.

What is healthcare like on this coast?

There's no large private hospital on this coast — worth knowing before you buy rather than after. Day to day there's good private urgent care in Uvita and Dominical, and San Isidro has both a private hospital and the regional public one. For anything major, San José has the country's top private hospitals. It's about four hours by road, but I fly out of Quepos and go up for the day, which is what most people end up doing.

Is the internet good enough to work remotely?

Better than people expect — though what you can get depends on where the house sits. In the coastal towns there is real fiber choice: seven or so providers compete along this stretch, Liberty, Kölbi, Itellum and Supercable among them. As a rule, where there is electricity there is usually fiber, so coverage is rarely the problem — reliability is. Outages and storms are frequent enough — especially up the mountains — that most people working from home run Starlink alongside fiber rather than instead of it. Redundancy is the point. Working remotely from here is normal, not a compromise.

How reliable is the electricity?

Power is the real caveat: outages are frequent enough that you should plan for them. Most homes run solar with battery backup, a generator, or both — I run solar at my own place. I work with Eco Integrated Solutions and MY Design Solar, and I am glad to introduce you to either and talk through which suits the house you are looking at.

Can a foreigner open a Costa Rican bank account?

Simpler than most people assume, once you know the distinction. Costa Rica's national banks will not open a personal account for a non-resident — but they will open a corporate one for a Costa Rican company, which is how a good many foreign owners bank here, and plenty already hold their property in a corporation anyway. The private banks do not require residency at all. I bank with LaFise, which has a branch in Uvita.

Can I hold Costa Rican property in my US trust?

Not on the title itself, but effectively yes — and it is a common structure. The National Registry records ownership in the name of a person or a Costa Rican legal entity, so a US trust cannot appear on a Costa Rican title. What works instead is a layer: the property is held by a Costa Rican company, and your US revocable living trust owns the shares of that company. Ownership then passes inside the trust, and your family is spared a Costa Rican succession proceeding, which is slow, public and expensive — avoiding that is the whole point. There is a domestic route too: a fideicomiso, a Costa Rican trust that can hold the property directly. Two things to settle with your own advisers rather than take from me. Which entity you use matters more than people expect — for US taxpayers an S.A. can raise controlled foreign corporation issues that an S.R.L. may not, and that is your CPA's call, not mine. And the trust has to be drafted so a Costa Rican notary can actually act on it. Get your US estate attorney and a Costa Rican attorney talking early; retrofitting this after closing costs more than building it in at the start.

Will I need a Costa Rican will if I already have one at home?

Yes — and it should cover everything you own here, not just the house. Vehicles, boats, bank accounts, anything titled in Costa Rica. The reason is straightforward: without a Costa Rican will, all of it goes through probate here, and Costa Rican probate is lengthy and costly. A US or other foreign will can eventually be recognized, but it has to be validated through the Costa Rican courts first — which drops your family into the same slow process you were trying to spare them. A Costa Rican will, executed before a notary and covering only your Costa Rican assets, avoids it. Have it executed on the same day as your closing. The notary is already engaged, you are already in the country, and it gets signed with everything else. Left for later it becomes the thing everyone means to do on the next trip. One drafting point worth saying out loud to both of your attorneys: the Costa Rican will must be written so that it does not revoke your existing one. The two are meant to sit side by side, each covering its own jurisdiction.

Where do you buy groceries, and are there farmers markets?

Start with the ferias. Tinamaste holds the Feria Tinamastes on Tuesday mornings. Dominical runs Wednesday and Friday; Uvita and Ojochal both run Wednesday and Saturday. Between them you are never more than a day or two from produce picked nearby. San Isidro holds the largest market by far, if you want the full version. For the regular shop, BM is the regional supermarket, with stores in Quepos, Dominical and Uvita. MaxiPalí is effectively a small Walmart — and in fact Walmart-owned — with locations across the zone for volume and basics. What surprises people is the specialty side. La Cola Market in Uvita carries fine wine, liquor and the hard-to-find gourmet items. Alexa’s Market in Escaleras is small and genuinely excellent — everything you need to cook a serious meal, plus beer, wine and spirits. L’Epicerie in Ojochal is that and more. San Isidro has the larger-format stores — Walmart among them — if you want a proper big run, and up in the San José metro there is PriceSmart, which is Costa Rica’s Costco; people heading to the city often build a run around it. But neither drive is one you have to make. There is plenty here.

Is there golf on this coast?

Not much, and it is worth knowing before you buy rather than after. Osa Golf in San Buenas, just south of Ojochal, is a nine-hole jungle course open to the public six days a week — tree-lined, genuinely challenging, carts and club rental if you want them, and about 26 miles from Dominical. It is also the only course on this stretch of coast. For resort golf you are heading north to Los Sueños at Herradura, or up to San José. If golf is central to how you want to live, that drive is a real consideration, and I would rather you weigh it now than find out afterwards.

How I Help

A Steady Hand From Offer to Closing

I'm not a notary or an attorney, and I'm not a substitute for independent legal or tax advice — but I am the person who knows exactly where this process tends to slow down, and what to do about it. I connect clients with trusted, independent notary-attorneys and accountants, keep every stage of due diligence and closing moving on schedule, and make sure nothing gets lost in translation — literally or otherwise — for buyers and sellers navigating this from another country.

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